作战第二
ii. waging war
孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。则内外之费，宾客之用，胶
漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。
sun tzu said: in the operations of war, where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots, as many heavy chariots, and a hundred thousand mail-clad soldiers, with provisions enough to carry them a thousand li, the expenditure at home and at the front, including entertainment of guests, small items such as glue and paint, and sums spent on chariots and armor, will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. such is the cost of raising an army of 100,000 men.
其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，
when you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men's weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be damped. if you lay siege to a town, you will exhaust your strength.
久暴师则国用不足。
again, if the campaign is protracted, the resources of the state will not be equal to the strain.
夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。
now, when your weapons are dulled, your ardor damped, your strength exhausted and your treasure spent, other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity. then no man, however wise, will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue.
故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。
thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war, cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays.
夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。
there is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare.
故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。
it is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on.
善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，
the skillful soldier does not raise a second levy, neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice.
取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。
bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy. thus the army will have food enough for its needs.
国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫；
poverty of the state exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished.
近师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，
on the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away.
财竭则急于丘役。
when their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.
力屈中原、内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七；公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。
with this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated; while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.
故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；□①杆一石，当吾二十石。
hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. one cartload of the enemy's provisions is equivalent to twenty of one's own, and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one's own store.
故杀敌者，怒也；取敌之利者，货也。
now in order to kill the enemy, our men must be roused to anger; that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy, they must have their rewards.
车战得车十乘以上，赏其先得者而更其旌旗。车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。
therefore in chariot fighting, when ten or more chariots have been taken, those should be rewarded who took the first. our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy, and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours. the captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept. this is called, using the conquered foe to augment one's own strength.
故兵贵胜，不贵久。
in war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.